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Estas + adjective or estas + adverb?

از WereVrock, 5 ژوئیهٔ 2015

پست‌ها: 44

زبان: English

WereVrock (نمایش مشخصات) 10 ژوئیهٔ 2015،‏ 14:15:36

Can someone explain this:

"Hodiaŭ estas tre varme"

This is from Lernu's own test. Lingvoekzameno, nivelo A (baza). Is Hodiaŭ considered a verb? I'm lost.

tommjames (نمایش مشخصات) 10 ژوئیهٔ 2015،‏ 14:27:02

WereVrock:Can someone explain this:

"Hodiaŭ estas tre varme"

This is from Lernu's own test. Lingvoekzameno, nivelo A (baza). Is Hodiaŭ considered a verb? I'm lost.
No, hodiaŭ is an adverb, although it is sometimes used 'O-vortece'.

WereVrock (نمایش مشخصات) 10 ژوئیهٔ 2015،‏ 15:39:59

tommjames:
WereVrock:Can someone explain this:

"Hodiaŭ estas tre varme"

This is from Lernu's own test. Lingvoekzameno, nivelo A (baza). Is Hodiaŭ considered a verb? I'm lost.
No, hodiaŭ is an adverb, although it is sometimes used 'O-vortece'.
I believe my question was not clear. Hodiaŭ is the subject here, isn't it? So I guess it considered a noun here. Why "varme" is used instead of "varma"?

orthohawk (نمایش مشخصات) 10 ژوئیهٔ 2015،‏ 16:20:13

WereVrock:
tommjames:
WereVrock:Can someone explain this:

"Hodiaŭ estas tre varme"

This is from Lernu's own test. Lingvoekzameno, nivelo A (baza). Is Hodiaŭ considered a verb? I'm lost.
No, hodiaŭ is an adverb, although it is sometimes used 'O-vortece'.
I believe my question was not clear. Hodiaŭ is the subject here, isn't it? So I guess it considered a noun here. Why "varme" is used instead of "varma"?
it's simply an adverb expressing time. maybe it's position is a bit misleading?

it could just as well be said "estas tre varme hodiaux"

DuckFiasco (نمایش مشخصات) 10 ژوئیهٔ 2015،‏ 16:45:18

As was said, "hodiaux" is not the subject, but a word modifying "esti".

The sentence has no explicit subject, so for whatever reason, Zamenhof decided that an adverb should be used instead of an adjective.

You can read further details on when to use an adverb descriptively here: http://bertilow.com/pmeg/gramatiko/specialaj_prisk...

Tempodivalse (نمایش مشخصات) 10 ژوئیهٔ 2015،‏ 18:07:28

The sentence has no explicit subject, so for whatever reason, Zamenhof decided that an adverb should be used instead of an adjective.
When something in Esperanto's syntax is the way it is, the answer is normally: "Because that's the way it is in Slavic languages and Z. was influenced by them."

In the case of modifiers for sentences with no explicit subject, this explains it. In Slavic languages we use an adverb - though in Romance it's an adjective (and English).

I always think Slavophones have an unfair advantage when learning Esperanto.

WereVrock (نمایش مشخصات) 10 ژوئیهٔ 2015،‏ 18:18:41

Oni uzas E-vorton anstataŭ A-vorto ankaŭ kiam ne ekzistas subjekto.
I wasn't aware of this rule. Thanks.
Estu kuraĝa! = Vi estu kuraĝa!
Imperatives seems to be an exception to this rule.

DuckFiasco (نمایش مشخصات) 10 ژوئیهٔ 2015،‏ 20:23:35

WereVrock:
Estu kuraĝa! = Vi estu kuraĝa!
Imperatives seems to be an exception to this rule.
You know, I never thought of that, but I think you're right ridulo.gif You can of course say "Vi estu kuragxa" and it seems like a less abrupt command, like "Now, be good." But that may be my imagination.

Of course, you can insert any pronoun you wish, and often it's a better translation for "should" than "devus" in my opinion:
Ni foriru baldaux. = We should leave soon / Let's leave soon.
Se vi volas plivastigi viajn konojn, vi legu pli da libroj. = If you want to broaden your knowledge, you should read more books.

sudanglo (نمایش مشخصات) 11 ژوئیهٔ 2015،‏ 10:24:45

Look in the Tekstaro and you will find many examples of senti sin X-a.

ĉar li sentis sin laca, li kuŝiĝis en la herbo kaj ekdormis
sed kontraŭe li sentis sin ofendita kaj severe riproĉis la filon de l’ faraono

But you won't find examples of senti sin bona, only senti sin bone.

Why? Because Esperantists are naturally modest!

Ĉe lia ĉeesto mi neniam sentis min bone, ne sciante pri kio paroli
Dufoje tage banu vin en malvarma natura akvo, por senti vin bone

Tempodivalse (نمایش مشخصات) 11 ژوئیهٔ 2015،‏ 11:00:22

Imperatives seems to be an exception to this rule.
No, because the implied subject is "vi". You could use an adverb with some imperatives, but the meaning changes like in other cases with explicit subjects; it's not a case of Estas pluve.

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