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When to use -ulo vs. -anto

从 ecjade, 2010年2月18日

讯息： 10

语言: English

ecjade (显示个人资料) 2010年2月18日下午5:15:31

I'm wondering when it's appropriate to use -ulo and -anto. I see lover as amanto, but would amulo ever be correct? And could sanulo ever be sananto? or Doktoro Esperanto be Doktoro Esperulo? okulumo.gif

Ironchef (显示个人资料) 2010年2月18日下午5:39:25

ecjade:I'm wondering when it's appropriate to use -ulo and -anto. I see lover as amanto, but would amulo ever be correct? And could sanulo ever be sananto? or Doktoro Esperanto be Doktoro Esperulo? okulumo.gif
There are differences. "-anto" means "one who..." so that Esperanto means "One who hopes" or "One who is hoping", using a verb form. I don't think you could have "Sananto" because "sana/sano" are not verbs, so you cannot have "one who healthies". Sanulo therefore takes the sense of "one who is healthy". Hope this makes sense.

ecjade (显示个人资料) 2010年2月18日下午5:56:05

Ok, that makes sense. So from kuri we get kuranto, but from alta we'd get altulo. Ĉu ne?

Rogir (显示个人资料) 2010年2月18日下午7:37:05

Yes,in general, all verb roots are used with -anto, and all adjective roots are used with -ulo.

darkweasel (显示个人资料) 2010年2月18日下午8:03:32

Sananto is a completely fine Esperanto word, as there's the word sani for "to be healthy" (even found in §42 of the Fundamenta Ekzercaro!). Thus, a sananto is somebody who is healthy.

However, sananto is not a common word, and indeed sanulo is more commonly used. -anto means "somebody who does ...". -ulo means "somebody characterized by ...". Often they both make sense.

ecjade (显示个人资料) 2010年2月18日下午8:08:07

Thanks for the clarifications... that helps! It's a subtlety I haven't seen explained anywhere.

gyrus (显示个人资料) 2010年2月19日上午10:31:18

-emulo is often far more fitting than -anto in other situations (OK, this is slightly unrelated, but while we're on the general topic). If you want to say you're an amateur painter, you wouldn't use pentristo because that would suggest you're professional, and pentranto could mean that you're just painting at the moment, but pentremulo would explain that you paint for fun.

erinja (显示个人资料) 2010年2月20日上午2:55:35

I would say that the meanings are:
[root]-ulo = one who is [root]
[root]-anto = one who [root]s

So altulo = one who is tall. Altanto = one who talls? The -ant- version doesn't make much sense, so that's a clue that this isn't a great choice of word.

Parolulo = one who is speech (doesn't make much sense). Parolanto = one who is speaking (makes sense)

Lupulo = one who is a wolf (wolf-man, yeah!). Lupanto = one who is wolfing (doesn't make that much sense)

To indicate that someone likes to do something, -em- is a good suffix to add, as someone has already mentioned. So a naĝanto is someone who is swimming now. A "naĝulo" is a swim person, which doesn't make a ton of sense. However, "naĝema" means inclined to swim, or liking to swim (an adjective! and adjectives are often associated with -ul), so a "naĝemulo" is a person who likes swimming (one who is swimming-inclined, to use my "fill in the blank" method of building a word).

trojo (显示个人资料) 2010年2月26日上午12:20:41

Rogir:Yes,in general, all verb roots are used with -anto, and all adjective roots are used with -ulo.
In general, yeah. Except for "plenkreskulo", which logically should be "plenkreskinto". rido.gif

Rogir (显示个人资料) 2010年2月26日上午10:40:38

Yes, that is a bit strange. Maybe it is because the word is more describing a state than a past action, but still it is a bit of an exception.

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